SELECTION OF DAIRY CATTLE 

Proper selection is the first and the most important step to be adopted in dairying. Records are the basis of selection and hence proper identification of animals and record keeping is essential. Cross-breed animals with exotic inheritance of about 50 percent are preferable. This preference is based on comparison of the performance of the animals with different percentage of exotic inheritance. Fifty percent of the native germplasm is helpful to retain the adaptability, heat tolerance and disease resistance traits of local animals, in cross breeds. The utilization of the Zebu (Sahiwal) germplasm in the formation of breeds like Australian Friesian Sahiwal (50% of Holstein and 50% Sahiwal) and its international recognition as a breed for the tropics is an example.

Maintaining animals sustainable to the situation is the best policy. Bringing animals from different agro-climatic conditions causes problems due to non-adjustment in many cases. In case, purchase becomes absolutely essential it should be from similar environmental conditions as far as possible.

General selection procedures for dairy breeds

Selection of dairy cows
Selecting a calf in calf show, a cow in cattle show by judging is an art. A dairy farmer should build up his own herd by breeding his own herd. Following guidelines will be useful for selection of a diary cow.

• whenever an animal is purchased from a cattle fair, it should be selected based upon its breed characters and milk producing ability
• History sheet or pedigree sheet which are generally maintained in organized farms reveals the complete history of animal
• The maximum yields by dairy cows are noticed during the first five lactations. So generally selection should be carried out during First or Second lactation and that too are month after calving.
• There successive complete milking has to be done and an average of it will give a fair idea regarding production by a particular animal.
• A cow should allow anybody to milk, and should be docile.
• It is better to purchase the animals during the months of October and November.
• Maximum yield is noticed till 90 days after calving.

Breed characteristics of high yielding dairy cows Attractive individuality with feminity, vigour, harmonious blending of all parts, impressive style and carriage Animal should have wedge shaped appearance of the body It should have bright eyes with lean neck The udder should be well attached to the abdomen The skin of the udder should have a good network of blood vessels All four quarters of the udder should be well demarcated with well placed teats.

High yielding dairy cow

(Source: BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune)